Bioremediation of Remazol Blue RGB by Newly Isolated Bacillus Strain

Research Article

Austin J Microbiol. 2019; 5(1): 1024.

Bioremediation of Remazol Blue RGB by Newly Isolated Bacillus Strain

Sweta PB* and Tank SK

Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Gujarat, India

*Corresponding author: Sweta Parmita Bera, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Udhana - Magdalla Road, Surat, Gujarat, India

Received: December 31, 2018; Accepted: February 18, 2019; Published: February 25, 2019

Abstract

Disposal of dyes into the environment causes serious damage and also they may be toxic to some aquatic organisms due to their breakdown products. In the present study, an attempt was made to examine the potential of isolated bacterium for decolorization of Remazol Blue RGB dye in batch reactors. A potential bacterial strain was isolated and selected from the textile effluent on the basis of rapid azo dye Remazol Blue RGB (150 mgl-1) decolorization and later identified as belonging to genus Bacillus based on phenotypic characterization. Isolate 1, 2 and 3 having the competition to degrade Remazol Blue RGB effectively was examined by means of modified mineral salt. Isolate 1 was absolutely competent to remove the dye from the liquid medium at 10h. The isolate 1 showed the most excellent performance at 150 mgL-1 dye concentration (pH 7.5) at a temperature of 37°C. Likewise, yeast extract is the best source of carbon for discoloration purposes. The results imply that the isolate 1 could be used for the elimination of the reactive dyes of the textile effluents. The effect of pH, temperature, carbon & nitrogen source was studied with an aim to determine the optimal conditions required for maximum decolorization and degradation. The results show that the isolated bacterium has a dynamic potential in removal of dye Remazol Blue RGB from wastewater under aerobic conditions.

Keywords: Remazol Blue RGB; Textile effluents; Yeast extract; Bacillus

Introduction

Textile industry effluent is known to contain strong colour, a highly fluctuating pH, significant Chemical oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand and Total dissolved solids. Effluents from the textile industries are highly coloured containing dyes that vary from 2% for basic dyes to as high as 50% for reactive dyes, leading to severe contamination of surface and ground waters in the vicinity of dyeing industries. Dyes are an important class of synthetic organic compounds, widely used in textile, leather, plastic, cosmetic and food industries and are therefore common industrial pollutants [1]. During dyeing process a large proportion of the applied dyes are discharged as waste effluent to the environment without proper disposal of toxic matters [2]. The textile dyes represent a category of organic compounds, generally considered as pollutants, presented into wastewaters resulting mainly from processes of chemical textile finishing. Dyes also obstruct light penetration and oxygen transfer that affects water bodies [3]. Because of their synthetic nature and structure mainly aromatic, the most of dyes are non-biodegradable, having carcinogenic action or causing allergies, dermatitis, skin irritation or different tissular changes. The textile organic dyes must be separated and eliminated from industrial wastewaters by effective and viable treatment includes different separation processes (sedimentation, filtration, membrane separation), and some physicochemical treatment (i.e. adsorption; coagulation-flocculation with inorganic coagulants and organic polymers; chemical oxidation; ozonation; electrochemical process, etc.). Synthetic dyes are broadly dividing into azo, reactive, triphenylmethane, heterocyclic, polymeric structure etc [4]. From these, Azo dyes are the main constituents of such pollution because of their wide applicability and usages, and therefore, these are present majorly in textile industrial effluents. The characteristics natures of azo compounds are nitrogen to nitrogen double bond (R-N=N-R) and aromatic rings mostly substituted by sulfonate groups [5-7]. The treatment of textile industrial effluent is difficult for the reason of the double bond of azo dyes, which are resisting to breakdown and are toxic, carcinogenic or mutagenic and serious hazard to living organisms. Because of its resistance to degradation by light, chemicals and microbes, textile industry wastewater treatment is very challenging [8-12]. Moreover, their toxicity and resistance to degradation offer great challenge for removal technologies. In many cases, the products formed after the degradation of the parent azo dye molecule are more toxic. A number of biotechnological approaches have attracted interest with regard to tackling textile industrial dye pollution in an eco-efficient manner, mainly with the utilization of bacteria and frequently in amalgamation with physicochemical processes [13-16]. Bioremediation is defined as the process by using microorganism to degrade hazardous pollutants transform into environmental friendly less harmful forms. The use of microbial techniques to deal with pollution or bioremediation is a key research area in the environmental sciences [17,18]. Biological treatment offers a cheaper and environment friendly alternative to dye decolorization and wastewater reutilization in industrial process [19-22]. The general approach for bioremediation of textile effluent is to improve the natural degradation capacity of the indigenous microorganism that allows degradation and mineralization of dyes with a low environmental impact and without using potentially toxic chemical substances, under mild pH and temperature conditions [23- 28].

Materials and Methods

Waste water sample collection and analysis

Surat is known as the ‘Textile capital’of India. The textile industry is one of the oldest and the most widespread industries in Surat. It is ideal for textile waste water sample collection. The samples were collected from the activated sludge of the common textile effluent treatment plant of Surat, Gujarat, India. Samples were collected from the aeration tank of effluent treatment plant. The Temperature and pH was analyzed at the site. The examination of temperature was done using laboratory grade thermometer and pH was analyzed by using pH meter (Hanna digital pH meter). The sample was transferred to laboratory at 4°C as per the standard methods. The physicochemical parameters such as Color, Biological Oxidation Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids, and Total Dissolved Solids were analyzed as soon as the sample was brought to the laboratory (Table 1). Sample colour was analyzed by spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU UV-1 800). BOD was determined by employing evaporation method by dissolve oxygen meter while chemical oxygen demand was measured by instrument directly.