Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Review & Updates

Review Article

Austin J Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;1(7): 1008.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Review & Updates

Marlon Demeritt, Diana Shechtman* and Sherrol Reynolds

Department of Ophthalmology, Nova Southeastern University, USA

*Corresponding author: Diana Shechtman, Department of Ophthalmology, Nova Southeastern University, USA

Received: August 20, 2014; Accepted: September 17, 2014; Published: September 19, 2014

Abstract

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is a neurological condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure in the absence of underlying conditions, resulting in bilateral optic nerve head edema. A better understanding of the condition, including associated risk factors, clinical presentation and the use of diagnostic modalities is essential in order to derive to a proper diagnosis. Current information also provides new treatment options for the management of IIH.

Keywords: Papilledema; Idiopathic intracranial hypertension; Pseudotumorcerebri; Benign intracranial hypertension; Optic neuropathy

Introduction

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, also known as pseudotumorcerebri (PTC) or benign Intracranial Hypertension (BIH) is a neurological disease of unknown etiology [1]. It is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure in the absence of underlying conditions, typically resulting in bilateral optic nerve head edema. If left untreated, IIH can result in irreversible loss of vision. Advances in diagnostic modalities and treatment options have improved the outcome of IIH. This paper will provide an update on the condition, diagnosis and management of IIH illustrated through a case presentation.

IIH predominantly affects obese women in their childbearing age. The variability is the clinical presentation may add to a diagnostic challenge. Numerous risk factors ranging from medications, obstructive sleep apnea, venous sinus thrombosis, anemia, and vitamins can contribute to the condition. Table 1 lists the variable risk factors, including medications that have been associated with IIH [2].